a burning

θύ̱οντα, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc pl

θύ̱οντα, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc acc sg

θύ̱οντι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc /neut dat sg

θύ̱οντι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind act 3rd pl (doric)

θύ̱οντε, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

θύ̱ονται, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind mp 3rd pl

θύ̱οντο, θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind mp 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

θύ̱οντα, θύω 2

rage: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc pl

θύ̱οντα, θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc acc sg

θύ̱οντι, θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc /neut dat sg

θύ̱οντι, θύω 2

rage: pres ind act 3rd pl (doric)

θύ̱οντε, θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

θύ̱ονται, θύω 2

rage: pres ind mp 3rd pl

θύ̱οντο, θύω 2

rage: imperf ind mp 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

θύ̱οντα, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc pl

θύ̱οντα, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc acc sg

θύ̱οντι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc /neut dat sg

θύ̱οντι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind act 3rd pl (doric)

θύ̱οντε, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

θύ̱ονται, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind mp 3rd pl

θύ̱οντο, θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind mp 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

θύ̱οντα, θύω 2

rage: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc pl

θύ̱οντα, θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc acc sg

θύ̱οντι, θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc /neut dat sg

θύ̱οντι, θύω 2

rage: pres ind act 3rd pl (doric)

θύ̱οντε, θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

θύ̱ονται, θύω 2

rage: pres ind mp 3rd pl

θύ̱οντο, θύω 2

rage: imperf ind mp 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `kindle', midd. pass. `burn' (Il.).

Other forms: Att. κάω, aor. καῦσαι, ep. (also Att. inscr. IG 1², 374, 96; 261) κῆαι, pass. καῆναι (ep. ion.), καυθῆναι, fut. καύσω, perf. κέκαυκα, κέκαυ(σ)μαι (IA.),

Dialectal forms: Myc. apu-kekaumeno; pukawo \/ purkawos\/

Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπο-,

Derivatives: -1. καῦμα `fire, heat, glow' (Il.) with καυματ-ώδης (Hp., Arist.), - ηρός (Str.), - ίας (Thphr.; of the sun) `burning, glowing', καυματίζω `burn, singe' (NT, Plu., Arr.). - 2. καῦσις ( ἔγκαυσις etc.) `burning' (IA.) with ( ἐγ-, κατα-)καύσιμος `inflamable' (Pl., X.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 49f.). - 3. καῦσος m. `causus, bilious remittent fever etc.' (Hp., Arist.), from καῦσαι or rather with σο-suffix (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244, Strömberg Wortstudien 87f., Schwyzer 516); from there καυσία `Macedonian hat against the sun', καύσων `id.', also `heat, hot wind etc.' (LXX, NT, medic.; cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207 n. 13), καυσώδης `burning, hot' (Hp., Thphr.), καυσόομαι, - όω `have causus, burn: heaten' (medic., NT, pap.) with καύσωμα `heating' (Gal.). - 4. καυ(σ)τήρ m. `burner, burning iron' (Pi., Hp.), f. fen. καυστειρῆς adjunct of μάχης (Il.), καμίνου (Nic.), from *καύστειρα (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 192; note the switching accent); καυτήριον `branding iron, brand' (LXX, D. S., Str.), dimin. καυτηρίδιον (Gal.), denomin. verb καυτηριάζω `brand' (Str., NT). - 5. καύστης m. `heater etc.' (pap.). - 6. καύστρᾱ f. `place where corpses were burnt' (Str., inscr.). - 7. καυστικός, rare καυτ- `burning, inflamable' (Arist.). - 8. καυθμός `scorching (of trees), firewood' (Thphr., pap.). - Of the compp., e. g. ἔγκαυ-μα, - σις, -( σ)τής, - στήριον, - στον (\> Lat. encaustum; the red purple with which the Roman emperors signed, from where Fr. encre); ὑπόκαυ-σις, - στης, - στήριον, -στρᾱ a. u. - Beside these formations there are older ones, of which the connection with καίω became less clear because of phonetic developments: κᾶλον `wood', κηλέος `burning, blazing', κηώδης, κηώεις `smelling', κηυα meaning uncertain; πυρκαιᾱ́, πυρκαίη, adj. - ιός s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595] * keh₂u- `burn'

Etymology: As καίω may stand for *κάϜ-ι̯ω (from where Att. κά̄ω; Schwyzer 265f.), all forms go back on καυ-, κᾰϜ- except ἔ-κη-α for *ἔ-κηϜ-α (often written with false - ει- in κείαντο etc.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 9; Att. κέαντος with metathesis). In *ἔ-κηϜ-α an old fullgrade root aorist is maintained (Schwyzer 745; prob. not from *ἔ-κηυ-σ-α); the full grade also in ep. κηλέος, κηώδης, and in Delph. κηυα, which shows a PGr. κηϜ- beside κᾰϜ-. - Only Baltic gives a possible connection in Lith. kū̃lės `Brandpilze, Flugbrand, Staubbrand des Getreides', kūlé̇ti `brandig werden', Latv. kũla `old, dry, grass of last year' (cf. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); IE. zero grade kū- (\< * kuH-) beside fullgr. * keh₂us- in ἔ-κηϜ-α, zero grade *kh₂u̯- in *κάϜ-ι̯ω, καῦ-μα. Of course rather unncertain.

Page in Frisk: 1,756-757

καίω (Hom.+) fut. καύσω LXX; 1 aor. ἔκαυσα. Pass. 1 aor. inf. καυθῆναι (MPol 5:2 v.l.) and 2 aor. (B-D-F §76, 1; Rob. 349f) καῆναι (MPol 5:2; 12:3); fut. καυθήσομαι (καυθήσωμαι 1 Cor 13:3 v.l., an impossible form, s. W-S. §13, 7; B-D-F §28; Mlt-H. 219) and καήσομαι (Hs 4, 4); pf. ptc. κεκαυμένος.

① to cause to be lighted or be on fire, to light, to have/keep burning

ⓐ lit. λύχνον a lamp (Posidon: 87 Fgm. 94 Jac.; cp. Lev 24:2, 4; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 308; PGM 4, 2372) Mt 5:15 (so act. καίω τι X., An. 4, 4, 12; 4, 1, 11; EpJer 18. But, in contrast to ἅπτω, κ. lays the emphasis less upon the act of lighting than on keeping a thing burning; s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 80.—Diod S 13, 111, 2 πυρὰ κάειν=keep fires burning). Pass. w. act. sense be lit, burn Mk 4:21 v.l. λύχνοι καιόμενοι (Artem. 2, 9; cp. Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36. 1, 1 Jac. καιομένου τοῦ λύχνου; Ex 27:20; Jos., Ant. 8, 90) Lk 12:35; J 5:35; λαμπάδες … καιόμεναι Rv 4:5; GJs 7:2; cp. ἀστὴρ … καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς Rv 8:10. πῦρ καιόμενον (Hdt. 1, 86; Is 4:5; SibOr 7, 6) MPol 11:2a. κλίβανος καιόμενος a burning or heated oven (Hos 7:4) 2 Cl 16:3. W. πυρί added (Pla., Phd. 113a εἰς τόπον μέγαν πυρὶ πολλῷ καιόμενον) Hb 12:18 (cp. Dt 4:11; 5:23; 9:15); Rv 8:8. πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ w. fire and brimstone (cp. Is 30:33) 21:8; cp. 19:20.

ⓑ fig. of emotional experience (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 762 ἡ ὀδύνη καίουσα; Philo, Decal. 49 καιόμενοι κ. κατακαιόμενοι ὑπὸ τ. ἐπιθυμιῶν) of the heart οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καιομένη ἦν; were not our hearts burning? Lk 24:32 (cp. PGM 7, 472 καιομένην τὴν ψυχὴν κ. τὴν καρδίαν; TestNapht 7:4 ἐκαιόμην τοῖς σπλάγχνοις. PGrenf I, 1 I, 9 [II B.C.] συνοδηγὸν ἔχω τὸ πολὺ πῦρ τὸ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ μου καιόμενον. Cp. Ps 38:4. On the variants s. in addition to the comm. WAllen, JTS 2, 1901, 299).

② to cause someth. to burn so as to be consumed, burn (up) act. trans. (Hom. et al.; Job 15:34; Just., A I, 53f) MPol 18:1. Pass. intr. be burned (Is 5:24; Jos., Ant. 4, 248 [ἡ παιδίσκη] καιέσθω ζῶσα) Mt 13:40 v.l. (for κατακαίεται, s. κατακαίω) J 15:6; Hs 4:4. The stones being burned Hv 3, 2, 9; 3, 7, 2 are to be understood as representing apostates: ApcPt Bodl. (restored by Bartlet).—MPol 12:3a. σὰρξ καιομένη 15:2. δεῖ με ζῶντα καυθῆναι I must be burned alive 5:2; cp. 12:3b (Ael. Aristid, 36, 67 K.=48 p. 465 D.: καυθήσεσθαι ζῶντες; 45 p. 74 D.; Appian, Hann. 31 §132 ζῶντας ἔκαυσε). The mng. is disputed in ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι 1 Cor 13:3 v.l. (for καυχήσωμαι; s. καυχάομαι 1). Most scholars in this connection think of martyrdom (e.g. Ltzm., JSickenberger, H-D Wendland.—Cp. e.g. Da 3:19f; 2 Macc 7:5; 4 Macc 6:26; 7:12; Jos., Ant. 17, 167. Also Dio Chrys. 7 [8], 16 μαστιγούμενον κ. τεμνόμενον κ. καόμενον).—JWeiss (in Meyer⁹) and FDölger (Antike u. Christentum I 1929, 254–70) prefer to interpret it as voluntary self-burning (Diod S 17, 107, 1–6 Κάλανος; Lucian, Peregr. 20 καύσων ἑαυτόν of Peregr.; RFick, D. ind. Weise Kalanos u. s. Flammentod: NGG, Phil.-Hist. Kl. ’38; NMacnicol, ET 55, ’43/44, 50–52). KSchmidt (TW III 466–69) leaves the choice open betw. the two possibilities mentioned.—Preuschen (ZNW 16, 1915, 127–38) interprets it to mean brand, mark as a slave by branding, i.e. to sell oneself as a slave and present the purchase price to charity (for the idea s. 1 Cl 55:2).—B. 75. DELG. M-M. TW.

θύ̱ετε, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres imperat act 2nd pl

θύ̱ετε, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind act 2nd pl

θύ̱εται, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind mp 3rd sg

θύ̱ετο, θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

θύ̱ετε, θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

θύ̱ετε, θύω 2

rage: pres imperat act 2nd pl

θύ̱ετε, θύω 2

rage: pres ind act 2nd pl

θύ̱εται, θύω 2

rage: pres ind mp 3rd sg

θύ̱ετο, θύω 2

rage: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

θύ̱ετε, θύω 2

rage: imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

θύ̱ετε, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres imperat act 2nd pl

θύ̱ετε, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind act 2nd pl

θύ̱εται, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind mp 3rd sg

θύ̱ετο, θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

θύ̱ετε, θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

θύ̱ετε, θύω 2

rage: pres imperat act 2nd pl

θύ̱ετε, θύω 2

rage: pres ind act 2nd pl

θύ̱εται, θύω 2

rage: pres ind mp 3rd sg

θύ̱ετο, θύω 2

rage: imperf ind mp 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

θύ̱ετε, θύω 2

rage: imperf ind act 2nd pl (homeric ionic)

θύ̱σουσα, θύω 1

offer by burning: fut part act fem nom /voc sg (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱σουσι, θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj act 3rd pl (epic)

θύ̱σουσι, θύω 1

offer by burning: fut part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱σουσι, θύω 1

offer by burning: fut ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱σουσαι, θύω 1

offer by burning: fut part act fem nom /voc pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱σουσα, θύω 2

rage: fut part act fem nom /voc sg (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱σουσι, θύω 2

rage: aor subj act 3rd pl (epic)

θύ̱σουσι, θύω 2

rage: fut part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱σουσι, θύω 2

rage: fut ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱σουσαι, θύω 2

rage: fut part act fem nom /voc pl (attic epic doric ionic)

αἴθω

light up: pres subj act 1st sg

αἴθω

light up: pres ind act 1st sg

αἴ̱θω, αἶθος

burning heat: masc nom /voc /acc dual

αἴ̱θω, αἶθος

burning heat: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

αἰθος

burning heat: masc nom /voc /acc dual

αἰθος

burning heat: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

αἴθω

light up: pres subj act 1st sg

αἴθω

light up: pres ind act 1st sg

αἴ̱θω, αἶθος

burning heat: masc nom /voc /acc dual

αἴ̱θω, αἶθος

burning heat: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

αἰθος

burning heat: masc nom /voc /acc dual

αἰθος

burning heat: masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc voc sg

θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc voc sg

θύω 2

rage: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

θύω 2

rage: imperf ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

θύω 2

rage: imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc voc sg

θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

θύω 1

offer by burning: imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc voc sg

θύω 2

rage: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg

θύω 2

rage: imperf ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

θύω 2

rage: imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

θύοισι, θύον

thyine-wood: neut dat pl (epic ionic aeolic)

θύ̱οισα, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

θύ̱οισι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (doric aeolic)

θύ̱οισι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind act 3rd pl (aeolic)

θύ̱οισαι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act fem nom /voc pl (doric aeolic)

θύ̱οισα, θύω 2

rage: pres part act fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

θύ̱οισι, θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (doric aeolic)

θύ̱οισι, θύω 2

rage: pres ind act 3rd pl (aeolic)

θύ̱οισαι, θύω 2

rage: pres part act fem nom /voc pl (doric aeolic)

θύ̱ουσα, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act fem nom /voc sg (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱ουσι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱ουσι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱ουσαι, θύω 1

offer by burning: pres part act fem nom /voc pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱ουσα, θύω 2

rage: pres part act fem nom /voc sg (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱ουσι, θύω 2

rage: pres part act masc /neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱ουσι, θύω 2

rage: pres ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱ουσαι, θύω 2

rage: pres part act fem nom /voc pl (attic epic doric ionic)

θύ̱σετε, θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj act 2nd pl (epic)

θύ̱σετε, θύω 1

offer by burning: fut ind act 2nd pl

θύ̱σεται, θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj mid 3rd sg (epic)

θύ̱σεται, θύω 1

offer by burning: fut ind mid 3rd sg

θύ̱σετε, θύω 2

rage: aor subj act 2nd pl (epic)

θύ̱σετε, θύω 2

rage: fut ind act 2nd pl

θύ̱σεται, θύω 2

rage: aor subj mid 3rd sg (epic)

θύ̱σεται, θύω 2

rage: fut ind mid 3rd sg

τυθέντα, θύω 1

offer by burning: aor part pass neut nom /voc /acc pl

τυθέντα, θύω 1

offer by burning: aor part pass masc acc sg

τυθέντι, θύω 1

offer by burning: aor part pass masc /neut dat sg

τυθέντε, θύω 1

offer by burning: aor part pass masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

πῦρ, ός, τό (Hom.+) fire

ⓐ of earthly fire, as an important element in creation Dg 7:2.—Mt 17:15; Mk 9:22; Ac 28:5; Js 5:3 (cp. 4 Macc 15:15); ITr 2:3. Melting lead 2 Cl 16:3. Necessary for forging metals Dg 2:3. Testing precious metals for purity 1 Pt 1:7; Hv 4, 3, 4; in metaphor Rv 3:18. For ἄνθρακες πυρός Ro 12:20 s. ἄνθραξ. For κάμινος (τοῦ) πυρός (Iren. 5, 5, 2 [Harv. II 332, 2) 1 Cl 45:7; 2 Cl 8:2 s. κάμινος. For βάλλειν εἰς (τὸ) π. s. βάλλω 1b.—περιάπτειν πῦρ kindle a fire Lk 22:55. κατακαίειν τι πυρί burn someth. (up) with fire, in a pass. construction Mt 13:40; τινὰ ἐν πυρὶ Rv 17:16 (v.l. without ἐν). Pass. construction 18:8. ὑπὸ πυρὸς κατακαίεσθαι MPol 5:2 (κατακαίω, end). πῦρ καιόμενον 11:2b (καίω 1a). πυρὶ καίεσθαι Hb 12:18; Rv 8:8 (καίω 1a). Fire is used in comparisons γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός Ac 2:3 (Ezek. Trag. 234 [in Eus., PE 9, 29, 14] ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ φέγγος ὡς πυρὸς ὤφθη ἡμῖν). φλὸξ πυρός a flame of fire (Ex 3:2; Is 29:6; PsSol 15:4; JosAs 14:9): ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡς φλὸξ πυρός Rv 1:14; cp. 2:18; 19:12.—Of a Christian worker who has built poorly in the congregation it is said σωθήσεται ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved as if through (the) fire, i.e. like a person who must pass through a wall of fire to escape fr. a burning house (Ps.-Crates, Ep. 6 [=Malherbe p. 56] κἂν διὰ πυρός; Jos., Ant. 17, 264 διὰ τοῦ πυρός; Diod S 1, 57, 7; 8 διὰ τοῦ φλογὸς … σωθείς from a burning tent) 1 Cor 3:15 (HHollander, NTS 40, ’94, 89–104; s. σῴζω 3). Cp. Jd 23 (ἁρπάζω 2a).—Of the torture of a loyal confessor by fire IRo 5:3; ISm 4:2; MPol 2:3; 11:2a; 13:3; 15:1f; 16:1; 17:2; cp. Hb 11:34; in imagery of Rome ἀπέρχομαι εἰς κάμινον πυρός AcPl Ha 6, 20 (cp. b below).

ⓑ of fire that is heavenly in origin and nature (cp. Diod S 4, 2, 3 of the ‘fire’ of lightning, accompanying the appearance of Zeus; 16, 63, 3 τὸ θεῖον πῦρ; Just., D. 88, 3 πῦρ ἀνήφθη ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῳ [at Jesus’ baptism]. In gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 14]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 9, 5.—Orig., C. Cels. 4, 13, 19): an angel appears to Moses ἐν φλογὶ πυρὸς βάτου in the flame of a burning thorn-bush Ac 7:30 (s. Ex 3:2; cp. Just., A I, 62, 3 ἐν ἰδέᾳ πυρός.—PKatz, ZNW 46, ’55, 133–38). God makes τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα (cp. Ps 103:4, esp. in the v.l. [ARahlfs, Psalmi cum Odis ’31]) Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3. Corresp., there burn before the heavenly throne seven λαμπάδες πυρός Rv 4:5 and the ‘strong angel’ 10:1 has πόδες ὡς στῦλοι πυρός, but both of these pass. fit equally well in a. Fire appears mostly as a means used by God to execute punishment: in the past, in the case of Sodom ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ Lk 17:29 (Gen 19:24; cp. 1QH 3:31). Cp. Lk 9:54 (4 Km 1:10, 12; TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 13 [Stone p. 24, 13] ἐξ οὐρανοῦ; Jos., Ant. 9, 23 πῦρ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ πεσόν). Quite predom. in connection w. the Last Judgment: the end of the world διʼ αἵματος καὶ πυρός Hv 4, 3, 3; cp. Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3. Also Sib-Or 4, 173; 5, 376f); Rv 8:7. κόσμος αἴρεται ἐν πυρί AcPl Ha 2, 26; 9, 11. The Judgment Day ἐν πυρὶ ἀποκαλύπτεται makes its appearance with fire 1 Cor 3:13a; cp. 13b (JGnilka, Ist 1 Cor 3:10–15 … Fegfeuer? ’55); 2 Pt 3:7 (on first-century cosmological views s. FDowning, L’AntCl 64, ’95, 99–109, esp. 107f). When Jesus comes again he will reveal himself w. his angels ἐν πυρὶ φλογός (cp. Sir 45:19) 2 Th 1:8. Oft. in Rv: fire is cast fr. heaven upon the earth 8:5; 13:13; 20:9 (καταβαίνω 1b). It proceeds fr. the mouths of God’s two witnesses 11:5 and fr. the mouths of plague-bringing horses 9:17f. See 16:8. For πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους Hb 10:27 s. ζῆλος 1, end. ἡ χείρ μου πυρὶ ἀποπίπτει ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ my hand falls off me from (burning in) the fire GJs 20:1 (codd.).—The fire w. which God punishes sinners (cp. ApcSed 4:1 κόλασις καὶ πῦρ ἐστιν ἡ παίδευσίς σου) οὐ σβέννυται (cp. Is 66:24) Mk 9:48; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5. Hence it is called (s. PGM 5, 147 τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἀθάνατον): (τὸ) πῦρ (τὸ) αἰώνιον (4 Macc 12:12; TestZeb 10:3; GrBar 4:16; Just., A I, 21, 6 al.; Tat. 17, 1; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 9]) Mt 18:8; 25:41; Jd 7; Dg 10:7 (opp. τὸ πῦρ τὸ πρόσκαιρον 10:8). πῦρ ἄσβεστον (ἄσβεστος 1) Mt 3:12; Mk 9:43, 45 v.l.; Lk 3:17; 2 Cl 17:7; IEph 16:2; AcPl Ha 1, 22. It burns in the γέεννα (τοῦ) πυρός (ApcEsdr 1:9 p. 25, 1 Tdf.; s. γέεννα and cp. En 10:13 τὸ χάος τοῦ πυρός) Mt 5:22; 18:9 (cp. 1QS 2:7f); Mk 9:47 v.l.; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus not recorded elsewhere). ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρὸς (καὶ θείου) Rv 19:20; 20:10, 14ab, 15 (cp. Jos As 12, 10 ἄβυσσον τοῦ πυρός); cp. Rv 21:8; 14:10, 18; 15:2. The fiery place of punishment as ἡ κάμινος τοῦ πυρός Mt 13:42, 50 (difft. AcPl Ha 6, 20 see at the end of a, above). τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ fire awaits that person AcPlCor 2:37. The fire of hell is also meant in certain parables and allegories, in which trees and vines represent persons worthy of punishment Mt 3:10; 7:19; Lk 3:9; J 15:6. The one whose coming was proclaimed by John the Baptist βαπτίσει ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί; whether πῦρ in Mt 3:11; Lk 3:16 refers to reception of the Holy Spirit (esp. in Lk 3:16) or to the fire of divine judgment is debatable; for association of πῦρ with πνεῦμα s. Ac 2:3f; AcPlCor 2:13 (βαπτίζω 3b). As Lord of Judgment God is called πῦρ καταναλίσκον Hb 12:29 (Dt 4:24; 9:3.—Mesomedes calls Isis πῦρ τέλεον ἄρρητον [IAndrosIsis p. 145, 14]).—Of a different kind is the idea that fire is to be worshiped as a god (Maximus Tyr. 2, 4b of the Persians: πῦρ δέσποτα; Theosophien 14 p. 170, 11 τὸ πῦρ ἀληθῶς θεός) Dg 8:2.

ⓒ fig. (Just., D. 8, 1 πῦρ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἀνήφθη; Chariton 2, 4, 7 πῦρ εἰς τ. ψυχήν; Ael. Aristid. 28, 110 K.=49 p. 527 D.: τὸ ἱερὸν κ. θεῖον πῦρ τὸ ἐκ Διός; Aristaen., Ep. 2, 5; PGrenf I=Coll. Alex. p. 177 ln. 15 [II B.C.] of the fire of love; Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 21] of God’s wrath) ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ Js 3:6 (s. γλῶσσα 1a). The saying of Jesus πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Lk 12:49 seems, in the context where it is now found, to refer to the fire of discord (s. vss. 51–53). πῦρ is also taken as fig. in Agr 3, the sense of which, however, cannot be determined w. certainty (s. Unknown Sayings, 54–56) ὁ ἐγγύς μου ἐγγὺς τοῦ πυρός. ὁ δὲ μακρὰν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ μακρὰν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλείας (cp. ἐγγύς 3; ἐγγὺς εἶναι τοῦ πυρός as someth. dangerous also Chariton 6, 3, 9). On the difficult pass. πᾶς πυρὶ ἁλισθήσεται Mk 9:49 and its variants s. ἁλίζω and cp. ἅλας b (s. also NColeman, JTS 24, 1923, 381–96, ET 48, ’37, 360–62; PHaupt, Salted with Fire: AJP 45, 1924, 242–45; AFridrichsen, Würzung durch Feuer: SymbOsl 4, 1926, 36–38; JdeZwaan, Met vuur gezouten worden, Mc 9:49: NThSt 11, 1928, 179–82; RHarris, ET 48, ’37, 185f; SEitrem, Opferritus u. Voropfer der Griechen u. Römer 1915, 309–44. JBauer, TZ 15, ’59, 446–50; HZimmermann [Mk 9:49], TQ 139, ’59, 28–39; TBaarda [Mk 9:49], NTS 5, ’59, 318–21).—B. 71; RAC VII 786–90; BHHW I 479f. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-ἰθύω

go straight: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 1

offer by burning: fut ind mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: aor subj mid 2nd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: aor subj act 3rd sg

ἀντιθύ̱σῃ, ἀντί-θύω 2

rage: fut ind mid 2nd sg